Historical
1212: Spain - Las Navas de Tolosa Battle, Christian Spanish King Alfonso VIII of Leon and Castile defeats the Muslim Almohades ending Muslim rule in Iberia
1213: China - Genghis Khan attacks Chin Empire of northern China
1215: England - English barons force King John I Lackland to sign the Magna Carta at Runnemede, It grants the rights of trial by jury and protection from arbitrary acts by the King, John later repudiates the Magna Charta, leading to the First Barons War (1215-1217)
1216: Italy - Roman Catholic Pope Innocent III Issues a call for the Fourth Crusade
1217-1221: Egypt - The Fifth Crusade (of nine) is directed against Egypt, on the theory that Jerusalem can be held only If Egypt is held, the Crusade fails
1217: England, France - Civil war divides England after King John dies, French prince Louise occupies part of England but is defeated at the Battle of Lincoln then lose their fleet at the naval Battle of Sandwich
1228-1229: Israel - Frederick II leads the Sixth Crusade (of nine) and gains control of Jerusalem through diplomatic means by signing a treaty with Malik al-Kamil, nephew of Saladin which gives Bethlehem, Jerusalem, Nazareth and a corridor to the port of Acre to Frederick who has himself crowned King of Jerusalem at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre on March 18
1228: Mongolia, Russia - Mongols defeat Russian princes, but this being a reconnaisance mission, the victory is not consolidated
1229: Iran - Great Genghis Khan dies, his empire Included much of the Persian Empire and the Steppes of Russia, he is succeeded by his third son, Ogadai "the Great Khan" who subdued the Chin dynasty in northern China and ravaged much of eastern Europe
1229: Israel - Christians retake Jerusalem and hold onto It for ten years
1231: Mongolia, Korea - Mongols Invade Korea
1231: Sicliy - Frederick I Issues The Golden Bull of Sicily, It is a complete reorganization of Sicily Including a code of laws
1232: China - Chinese use rockets in battle for the first time, demonstrating the military use of gunpowder, thus, Its use quickly spreads to many other countries
1232: England - King of England Issues the Royal Charter for Coal Fields for the development of the coal fields in New Castle, coal quickly becomes a source of energy