Historical
1291: Israel - Moslems expel Crusaders from the Middle East
1291: Switzerland - Three Swiss cantons, Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden form the League of the Three Forest Cantons for mutual defense, this League constitutes the basis for the ultimate establishment of the Swiss state
1293: Sweden, Finland - Eric IX (Jedvardsson), Christian King of Sweden, defeats the Finns and forces them to convert to Christianity
1294: Mongolia - Kublai Khan dies
1295: Iran, Italy - Khans of Persia convert to Islam, the Polos return to Venice
1296: Italy - Marco Polo, fighting for Venice, is captured by Genoa and Imprisoned for two years, where he dictates his travels to his fellow Inmate, Rustichello da Pisa, who Incorporates tales of his own as well as other collected anecdotes and current affairs from China, the book is called "The Travels of Marco Polo", It depicts the journey throughout Asia, giving Europeans their first comprehensive look into the Inner workings of the Far East, Including China, India, and Japan
1298: China - Chinese develop a cannon
1298: England - Battle of Falkirk, English under Edward I defeat the Scots who had rebelled under the leadership of William Wallace
1302: Belgium, France - Battle of the Spurs, Flemish army defeats French army near Courtrai, Belgium
1302: France - Philip IV of France calls together representatives of the nobility, townspeople and clergy, the meeting became known as the Estates-General, the purpose is to garner support against Pope Boniface whose 'Unam Sanctum' proclaims Papal supremacy over national leaders
1309: France - Pope Clement V, heavily Influenced by Philip IV of France, takes residency in Avignon, France (until 1378)
1314: Scotland, England - Battle Bannockburn (central Scotland), the Scots, led by Robert the Bruce, routes a larger force led by Edward II, King of England and gains Scottish Independence for the next three centuries
1315-1317: Europe - The Great Famine occurs, the worst famine to strike northern Europe, It started with bad weather which caused crop failures for the next two years, It took until 1322 to fully recover and millions died
1315: Switzerland, Austria - Battle of Morgarten, Swiss forces, led by the canton of Schwyz, defeat Leopold I (Hapsburg), Duke of Austria and leads to an expanded Swiss alliance
1324: Mali, Saudi Arabia - Ruler of Mali makes pilgrimage to Mecca
1326: France, England - England is Invaded by the French wife of King Edward II, Isabelle, she is supported by French troops and gains control of England as Edward II was forced to flee London, Isabelle arranges for her son Edward III to be crowned King of England
1326: Turkey - Ottoman Empire is established when the Byzantine fortress of Bursa fall after a nine-year siege to the forces of the Osmali Turks, under Osman who soon dies and is succeeded by his son Orkhan who rules until 1360
1337: England, France - Hundred Years War begins when French king Philip VI contests the English claim to Normandy and other northern provinces while at the same time, English king Edward III contests the legitimacy of Philip based on the fact that his mother was the daughter of Philip IV and demands the crown of France
1340: England, France - Battle Of Crecy, British forces under command Edward III defeat a French army commanded by Philip VI, It is the first use of cannon and small arms in a Eropean battle
1340: England, France - Battle of Sluis (off the coast of Flanders), the English navy destroys the French navy giving the English naval supremacy in the English Channel
1346: England, France - Edward III of England defeats Philip VI of France at Crecy en Ponthieu, English longbowmen so far eclipse Genoese crossbowmen that the long bow replaces the cross bow as an Instrument of war
1347-1353: Europe - The Black Death (aka. bubonic plague) spreads throughout Europe, It is the worse natural disaster in European history, an estimated 19 to 35 million die, the plague is spread by rats Infested by Infected fleas, the plague originated in the East and ships carrying Infected vermin came to the Island of Sicily then spread northward, a bizarre effect of the plague was the large-scale outbreak of anti-semitism from the belief that the Jews caused the plague
1348: Poland - Casimir III the King of Poland starts the University Of Kracow
1353: Switzerland - Switzerland is established as a unified country
1356: England, France - Battle in Poitiers, the French defeat Black Prince of Wales Edward, the French king, John II, and his son, Philip the Bold of Burgundy, are taken prisoners at Poitiers, John is brought to England which results in civil chaos in France
1360: England, France - Treaty of Calias, England and France sign a treaty on October 24th, John II of France is ransomed and Edward III renounces his claim to the French throne